Resources
India’s steel sector remains heavily dependent on imported coking coal. India’s next phase of steel expansion would lock the country into more than US$1 trillion in coking coal imports, deepening India’s energy import dependence, foreign-exchange exposure, and vulnerability to carbon border measures in export markets.
SHRAM
CHAITRA
SHRAM (System for Heat Risk Assessment for Manual labor) translates EHI-N* into an actionable monitoring tool for protecting outdoor workers across India. The dashboard displays real-time heat stress conditions using data from India Meteorological Department weather stations, alongside 1- and 3-day forecasts for over 700 districts.
CHAITRA (City Heat Action Intelligence and Risk Atlas) is a ward-level decision support tool built on Google Earth Engine that can enable state and city officials to accelerate heat action planning, identify wards most at risk and estimate investment needed for different mitigation measures.
Reports
India’s Renewable Energy Breakthrough: Coal-Like Reliability at a Lower, Fixed Price
Firm renewable power at Rs 5.25: reliable, inflation-proof, and below every coal PPA India signed in 2025.
Economic and Employment Benefits of Low-Cost and Domestically Produced Clean Energy
India’s clean-energy transition is an industrial, employment, and external-sector strategy, not only a decarbonization agenda. India imports about half of its primary energy and 87% of its crude oil.
India’s Aviation Opportunity: Turning Agricultural Residue and Low-Cost Solar into Competitive Sustainable Aviation Fuel with Power-and-Biomass-to-Liquids
IECC and Energy Innovation analysis indicates that India can produce power-and-biomass-to-liquids (PBtL) sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) at costs up to 40 percent below prevailing global benchmarks. Two domestic advantages underpin this result: among the lowest green-hydrogen costs observed internationally, and a large, increasingly organised supply of agricultural residue.
Estimating heatwave-induced excess mortality in India’s districts
India is among the world’s most heat-exposed nations, with hundreds of millions of people facing dangerous temperatures each summer and a mortality burden that remains poorly understood at the district level.
