Resources
India’s steel sector remains heavily dependent on imported coking coal. India’s next phase of steel expansion would lock the country into more than US$1 trillion in coking coal imports, deepening India’s energy import dependence, foreign-exchange exposure, and vulnerability to carbon border measures in export markets.
SHRAM
CHAITRA
SHRAM (System for Heat Risk Assessment for Manual labor) translates EHI-N* into an actionable monitoring tool for protecting outdoor workers across India. The dashboard displays real-time heat stress conditions using data from India Meteorological Department weather stations, alongside 1- and 3-day forecasts for over 700 districts.
CHAITRA (City Heat Action Intelligence and Risk Atlas) is a ward-level decision support tool built on Google Earth Engine that can enable state and city officials to accelerate heat action planning, identify wards most at risk and estimate investment needed for different mitigation measures.
Reports
As India’s energy demand grows, efficiency must become a core part of how the country plans its grid, shapes markets and builds industry.
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Despite dramatic declines in clean-energy costs, more than $1 trillion investments in new coal and gas plants is under consideration worldwide, largely because conventional plants are assumed to be the only economical way to provide reliable, round-the-clock power, such as that required by data centers.
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Approximately 2.4 billion workers perform manual labor globally, yet current heat stress indices are calibrated to sedentary individuals, systematically underestimating risk for active workers.
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Heat Action Plans (HAPs) have evolved over the past decade into India’s principal framework for urban heat preparedness.
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Policy-Briefs | Comments | Primers
India’s roughly 380 million outdoor and heat-exposed workers face escalating danger from extreme heat, yet the metrics used to declare heatwaves and trigger protective action systematically underestimate their risk.
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India’s steel sector remains heavily dependent on imported coking coal. India’s next phase
of steel expansion would lock the country into more than US$1 trillion in coking coal
imports over the life of these assets, with material implications for energy security, foreign-exchange exposure, and export competitiveness.
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India has a unique opportunity to leapfrog to a clean energy infrastructure. India lags ~$1-2 trillion in energy assets. Clean energy is already competitive or cheaper.
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Competition from batteries is tough and getting tougher. Direct electrification is 3-5X more efficient than H2 for road transport and heating applications and should not be the focus of green H2.
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Op-Eds
Cheap batteries, lower daytime tariffs and easier grid access could cut India’s power procurement costs about 15% by 2035, argue Abhyankar and Phadke.
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After El Niño drove India’s worst power shortages in three years, Abhyankar and Phadke urge storage, diversity and demand response before summer 2027.
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India's draft steel policy could lock in ~$1.5 tn of coking coal imports. Green hydrogen offers predictable costs, argue Neelima Jain and Amol Phadke.
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Tamil Nadu electricity model: after paying up to Rs 37 per unit for power, the state needs finance and market reform, argue Sane, Abhyankar and Phadke.
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Videos
Extreme Heat Resilience
2025 Highlights & Impact
2024 Highlights & Impact
The 2047 India Report Summary
Genesis of IECC
Webinars | Panel Discussions
On October 22, 2026, the India Energy & Climate Center (IECC) at UC Berkeley hosted a webinar on India's 1,000 MW round-the-clock renewable-energy auction (FDRE-RTC-V), which discovered a tariff of ₹5.25 per kilowatt-hour, fixed for 25 years, followed by a panel with Jigar Shah, Sivakumar V Vepakomma and Mayank Bansal on what it means for clean-power procurement in the U.S. and beyond.
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A recent 1,000 MW round-the-clock renewable-energy auction (FDRE-RTC-V) by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) discovered a tariff of ₹5.25 per kilowatt-hour, fixed in nominal terms for 25 years. The auction establishes a new benchmark for firm renewable power in India and closely mimics the operating profile of a typical thermal power plant—delivering the most electricity during the evening, night, and early morning while backing down during solar-rich midday hours.
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On September 10th, 2026, the India Energy & Climate Center (IECC) at UC Berkeley hosted the online launch of SHRAM (System for Heat Risk Assessment for Manual labor) and CHAITRA (City Heat Action Intelligence and Risk Atlas) — two decision-support tools and accompanying reports designed to strengthen heat resilience planning across India.
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On June 3rd, 2026, the India Energy & Climate Center (IECC) at UC Berkeley and Energy Innovation hosted a webinar on industrial heat decarbonization in India. Authors from both organizations present the report's key findings — including why solar-powered electric heat is already cheaper than oil and gas for Indian manufacturers, and what policies can accelerate the transition. The presentation was followed by an engaging open Q&A session.
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