Resources
Green Steel
India’s steel sector remains heavily dependent on imported coking coal. India’s next phase of steel expansion would lock the country into more than US$1 trillion in coking coal imports, deepening India’s energy import dependence, foreign-exchange exposure, and vulnerability to carbon border measures in export markets.
Reports
Economic Case for Green Steel Production in India
India is the world’s second-largest producer of crude steel, with output of 149 million tonnes in 2024, approximately 8% of global production.
Electrifying Industrial Heat in India | Technologies and Policies to Transform Indian Manufacturing
India’s industrial sector is an economic powerhouse, providing 19.5 million jobs and 17 percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The sector is rapidly becoming the backbone of the modern Indian economy, manufacturing everything from the steel and cement that propel industrialization to the cars and electronics that can lift millions out of poverty.
Clean Energy as Economic Statecraft: Ten Strategies for Powering Viksit Bharat 2047
India has crossed a structural threshold: clean energy is no longer a climate choice; it is now economic statecraft. Handled strategically, it can halve economy-wide energy costs and halve fossil-fuel imports by mid-century, converting over US$200 billion per year currently spent on fuel imports into domestic capital formation and infrastructure investment. This would deliver a decisive boost to industrial competitiveness, energy security, and trade stability. Managed poorly, however, it risks remaining a fragmented sectoral transition, leaving India exposed to import volatility, fuel-price shocks, and stranded capital.
EHI-N*: A Modified Extended Heat Index for Laboring Populations
Approximately 2.4 billion workers perform manual labor globally, yet current heat stress indices are calibrated to sedentary individuals, systematically underestimating risk for active workers.
